Carbazole-Based Ester Derivatives as Potential α-Glucosidase Inhibitors; Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies
Leyla Kaya, Mehmet F. Saglam, Rabia Saribas, Mahmut Yildiz, Sadik Metin Ceyhan, Ustun Utkan Acar, Ibrahim F. Sengul, Murat Bingul, Alev Arslanturk Bingul, Hasan Sahin, Hakan Kandemir
article (Uluslararası, Hakemli) | Yazar(lar): Leyla Kaya, Mehmet F. Saglam, Rabia Saribas, Mahmut Yildiz, Sadik Metin Ceyhan, Ustun Utkan Acar, Ibrahim F. Sengul, Murat Bingul, Alev Arslanturk Bingul, Hasan Sahin, Hakan Kandemir | Yıl: 2026 | Dergi/Kurum: MOLECULES | İndeks: WOS.SCI | DOI: 10.3390/molecules31122113 | A
In this study, a new range of carbazole linked mono- and bis-ester derivatives were successfully synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro anti-diabetic activity through alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibition. The synthetic approach for the preparation of mono-esters 5a-j and bis-esters 7a-j was achieved by the reaction of carbazole-3-methanol 4 and carbazole-3,6-dimethanol 6 with a variety of acyl chlorides. The targeted compounds displayed generally weak alpha-amylase inhibition but significant and selective inhibition against alpha-glucosidase. Among them, 7a, 7g, and 7j exhibited dual inhibitory activity, while 7f was selective for alpha-glucosidase, and 7d and 5g for alpha-amylase. Notably, 7g was the most potent compound (IC50 = 22.79 & micro;M), surpassing Acarbose. In addition, molecular docking studies of the synthesized compounds were carried out to investigate their interactions with the alpha-glucosidase enzyme. Overall, targeted carbazole-based ester derivatives show promising results as selective anti-diabetic agents.